Medo do parto: uma revisão das intervenções baseadas na Terapia Cognitivo-Comportamental / Fear of childbirth: a review of interventions based on Cognitive Behavioral Therapy / Miedo al parto: una revisión de intervenciones basadas en Terapia Cognitivo-Conductual

O medo do parto vaginal é bastante comum e pode ter impactos relevantes na saúde materno-infantil. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar de que forma a Terapia Cognitivo-Comportamental (TCC) tem sido aplicada em casos de medo do parto e avaliar a eficácia dessas intervenções. Realizou-se uma revisão sistemática da literatura através das bases de dados BVS Brasil, Scopus e PubMed, no período de fevereiro de 2019 a abril de 2019. Após a análise dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão, um total de oito textos completos constituíram a amostra final. Técnicas terapêuticas como a reestruturação cognitiva, a exposição e a atenção plena demonstraram ser relevantes para a elaboração de uma percepção menos catastrófica do parto e para o desenvolvimento de maior confiança nas próprias habilidades de enfrentamento do trabalho de parto. Conclui-se que as intervenções em TCC apresentam potencial benefício para o tratamento do medo do parto.

Fear of childbirth is a very common phenomenon among women and may significantly impact maternal-infant health. The goal of this study is to investigate how Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) has been applied in cases of fear of childbirth and assess the efficacy of such interventions. A systematic review of these practices was made using the BVS Brazil, Scopus, and PubMed databases, from February to April 2019. After analyzing the inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of six full studies were selected as the final sample for this research. Therapeutic techniques such as cognitive restructuring, exposure, and mindfulness have proven to be important means of developing a less catastrophic perception of childbirth along with greater self-confidence in the abilities to cope with labor. The review led to the conclusion that CBT does have the potential to treat fear of childbirth.

El miedo al parto es muy común y puede afectar significativamente la salud materno-infantil. El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar cómo se ha aplicado la Terapia Cognitivo-Conductual (TCC) en casos de miedo al parto y evaluar la eficacia de las intervenciones. Se realizó una revisión sistemática a través de las bases de datos BVS Brasil, Scopus y PubMed, de febrero a abril de 2019. Después de analizar los criterios de inclusión y exclusión, un total de seis textos completos constituyeron la muestra final. Las técnicas terapéuticas como la reestructuración cognitiva, la exposición y la atención plena demostraron ser relevantes para la elaboración de una percepción menos catastrófica del parto y para el desarrollo de una mayor confianza en las capacidades propias para enfrentar el parto. La revisión llevó a la conclusión de que la TCC tiene potencial benéfico para tratar el miedo al parto.

Anti-obesity, slimming, biochemical and genotoxic effects of Cordia ecalyculata in diet-induced obese rats.

BACKGROUND: Overweight and obesity are associated with deaths and diseases worldwide. Cordia ecalyculata is a plant marketed as a slimmer. METHODS: The study evaluated the anti-obesity effects of the dry extract from C. ecalyculata in rats fed with a standard diet (STD) or cafeteria diet (CD) receiving the dry extract from C. ecalyculata at 500, 1000, and 2000 mg/kg for 40 days. Furthermore, it evaluated the slimming effect on diet-induced obese rats by the treatment with the same doses for 30 days. The bodyweight of the rats, as well as the intake of food, was measured. Blood samples were collected to determine the liver function (albumin, alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), glucose), renal function (urea and creatinine), and lipid profile (cholesterol, triglycerides). RESULTS: The genotoxic effect in peripheral blood was assessed through the comet assay. A lower C. ecalyculata dose significantly prevented the weight gain in rats fed with STD and CD and decreased body weight and intake food of obese rats. The biochemical parameters were not altered, except to increase the serum albumin. Only the higher dose induced DNA damage when evaluated in rats fed with CD in the slimming evaluation model used. CONCLUSIONS: These results reinforce the extract as an anti-obesity and slimming supplement.

In vitro comparison of peracetic acid and autoclave sterilization in the corrosion of orthodontic pliers: a pilot study.

INTRODUCTION: The most currently recommended method for sterilization of orthodontic pliers is the autoclave, while peracetic acid has also been shown to be effective in the chemical sterilization process. OBJECTIVE: This study sought to compare the corrosive effects of peracetic acid and autoclave sterilization process of orthodontic pliers. METHODS: Four active tungsten carbide (WC) stainless steel tie-cutting pliers from the manufacturers Quinelato (Rio Claro, SP, Brazil) and ICE (Cajamar, SP, Brazil) were selected. The active ends of the pliers were sectioned, and six active tips were obtained and distributed into the following groups: 1) control group (no sterilization); 2) AC group (two active pliers tips submitted to 100 autoclave sterilization cycles); and 3) AP group (two active pliers tips submitted to 100 cycles of sterilization by immersion in 2% peracetic acid solution for 30 minutes). RESULTS: Chemical analysis using X-ray dispersive energy spectroscopy showed that after autoclave sterilization, only the ICE pliers presented oxidation corrosion (Δ[O] = +24.5%; Δ[Fe] = +5.8%; Δ[WC] = -1.9%). In comparison, following peracetic acid sterilization, both manufacturers ICE (Δ[O] = +1.8%; Δ[Fe] = +18.0%; Δ[WC] = -1.1%) and Quinelato (Δ[O] = +5.3%; Δ[Fe] = -10.4%; Δ[WC] = -15.2%) showed corrosion. The morphological analysis revealed that peracetic acid caused a pitting and localized corrosion in both brands, while the autoclave caused uniform surface corrosion on the ICE pliers. CONCLUSION: Autoclave application was the sterilization method that generated less corrosive damage to the orthodontic cutting pliers, when compared to the immersion in 2% peracetic acid.

In vitro comparison of peracetic acid and autoclave sterilization in the corrosion of orthodontic pliers: a pilot study

ABSTRACT Introduction: The most currently recommended method for sterilization of orthodontic pliers is the autoclave, while peracetic acid has also been shown to be effective in the chemical sterilization process. Objective: This study sought to compare the corrosive effects of peracetic acid and autoclave sterilization process of orthodontic pliers. Methods: Four active tungsten carbide (WC) stainless steel tie-cutting pliers from the manufacturers Quinelato (Rio Claro, SP, Brazil) and ICE (Cajamar, SP, Brazil) were selected. The active ends of the pliers were sectioned, and six active tips were obtained and distributed into the following groups: 1) control group (no sterilization); 2) AC group (two active pliers tips submitted to 100 autoclave sterilization cycles); and 3) AP group (two active pliers tips submitted to 100 cycles of sterilization by immersion in 2% peracetic acid solution for 30 minutes). Results: Chemical analysis using X-ray dispersive energy spectroscopy showed that after autoclave sterilization, only the ICE pliers presented oxidation corrosion (Δ[O] = +24.5%; Δ[Fe] = +5.8%; Δ[WC] = -1.9%). In comparison, following peracetic acid sterilization, both manufacturers ICE (Δ[O] = +1.8%; Δ[Fe] = +18.0%; Δ[WC] = -1.1%) and Quinelato (Δ[O] = +5.3%; Δ[Fe] = -10.4%; Δ[WC] = -15.2%) showed corrosion. The morphological analysis revealed that peracetic acid caused a pitting and localized corrosion in both brands, while the autoclave caused uniform surface corrosion on the ICE pliers. Conclusion: Autoclave application was the sterilization method that generated less corrosive damage to the orthodontic cutting pliers, when compared to the immersion in 2% peracetic acid.

RESUMO Introdução: O método mais recomendado para a esterilização dos alicates ortodônticos é a autoclave; porém, o ácido peracético mostrou-se eficaz no processo de esterilização química. Objetivo: O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o efeito corrosivo do ácido peracético e da autoclave no processo de esterilização de alicates ortodônticos. Métodos: Foram selecionados quatro alicates de corte de amarrilho de aço inoxidável, com ponta ativa de carboneto de tungstênio (WC), das marcas Quinelato (Rio Claro/SP, Brasil) e ICE (Cajamar/SP, Brasil), que foram distribuídos em três grupos: 1) Controle (C), o qual não foi submetido à esterilização; 2) Grupo AC, constituído por duas pontas ativas de alicates submetidas a 100 ciclos de esterilização em autoclave; e 3) Grupo AP, formado por duas pontas ativas de alicates submetidas a 100 ciclos de esterilização por imersão em solução de ácido peracético a 2% durante 30 minutos. Resultados: Por meio da análise química (EDS, energia dispersiva de raios X), constatou-se que, após esterilização em autoclave, somente o alicate ICE apresentou corrosão por oxidação (Δ[O] = +24,5%; Δ[Fe] = +5,8% e Δ[WC] = -1,9%), enquanto na esterilização em ácido peracético, ambas as marcas, ICE (Δ[O] = +1,8%; Δ[Fe] = +18,0% e Δ[WC] = -1,1%) e Quinelato (Δ[O] = +5,3%; Δ[Fe] = -10,4% e Δ[WC] = -15,2%), apresentaram corrosão. A análise morfológica demonstrou que o ácido peracético causou uma corrosão localizada em pite em ambas as marcas, enquanto a autoclave ocasionou uma corrosão superficial uniforme no alicate ICE. Conclusão: A autoclave foi o método de esterilização que gerou menor dano corrosivo aos alicates ortodônticos, em comparação à imersão em ácido peracético a 2%.

[Narratives on mothering practices in prison: the crossroads between the prison system's discursive order and the discursive order of care]. / Narrativas sobre as práticas de maternagem na prisão: a encruzilhada da ordem discursiva prisional e da ordem discursiva do cuidado.

When women inmates in Brazil give birth during their incarceration, they have the right to stay with their children in specific units for mothers and infants for at least six months. The focus of this living experience is care and protection of the child, but it takes places in a setting determined by the prison order. This study aims to analyze the exercise of motherhood in prison. Six narrative interviews were performed in Rio de Janeiro: two with women who experienced motherhood while in prison in the Maternal and Child Unit at the Gericinó Prison Complex, and four with staff members of nongovernmental organizations working with women who had given birth during incarceration. The narratives were analyzed via interpretation of the roles and relations between the narrated characters and the way their interactions shape the stories. Finally, an interpretative linkage was established between the narratives and the theoretical frame of reference on gender and prisons. The study concludes that the prison rules and standards of care produce tensions and convergences in a dynamic that seeks to benefit the infant without failing to punish the woman. Motherhood in prison thus acts as a way of reaffirming a gender morality, defined as the role of good mother.

Quando dão à luz durante o período de aprisionamento, as mulheres presas têm o direito de conviver com seus filhos em unidades específicas para mães e bebês, pelo período mínimo de seis meses. Essa convivência tem como foco o cuidado e a proteção da criança, mas ocorre em um ambiente ordenado pela ordem prisional. Este estudo tem como objetivo analisar o exercício das práticas de cuidado materno na prisão. Foram realizadas seis entrevistas narrativas no Rio de Janeiro, Brasil: duas com mulheres que vivenciaram a experiência de maternagem no período de aprisionamento na Unidade Materno Infantil do Complexo Penitenciário de Gericinó e quatro com profissionais de organizações não governamentais que trabalharam com mulheres que tiveram seus bebês no período de encarceramento. A análise das narrativas foi feita a partir da interpretação dos papéis e das relações entre as personagens narradas e a forma como suas interações modelam as histórias contadas. Por fim, realizou-se a articulação interpretativa entre as narrativas e o referencial teórico sobre gênero e prisões. Concluiu-se que as normas prisionais e as normas de cuidado se tensionam e convergem em uma dinâmica que busca beneficiar o bebê, sem deixar de punir a mulher. Dessa maneira, a experiência de maternagem na prisão atua como forma de reafirmar uma moralidade de gênero, definida no papel de boa mãe.

Cuando dan a luz durante el período de encarcelamiento, las mujeres presas tienen el derecho de convivir con sus hijos en módulos específicos para madres y bebés, durante un período mínimo de seis meses. Esta convivencia tiene como objetivo el cuidado y la protección del niño, pero se produce en un ambiente establecido por el reglamento carcelario. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar el ejercicio de las prácticas de cuidado materno en prisión. Se realizaron seis entrevistas narrativas en Río de Janeiro, Brasil: dos con mujeres que vivieron su maternidad durante su período de encarcelamiento en la Unidad Materno Infantil, en el Complejo Penitenciario de Gericinó, y cuatro con profesionales de organizaciones no gubernamentales, que trabajaron con mujeres que dieron a luz a sus bebés durante el período de encarcelamiento. El análisis de los relatos se realizó a partir de la interpretación de los papeles y de las relaciones entre los personajes narrados y la forma en la que sus interacciones modelan las historias contadas. Finalmente, se realizó la articulación entre los relatos y el marco de referencia teórico sobre género y prisiones. Se concluyó que las normas carcelarias y las normas de cuidado entran en tensión y convergen en una dinámica que busca beneficiar al bebé, sin dejar de castigar a la mujer. De este modo, la experiencia de la maternidad en prisión actúa como una forma de reafirmación de una moralidad de género, definida dentro del papel de lo que se considera una buena madre.

Management of the Vertical Dimension in the Camouflage Treatment of an Adult Skeletal Class III Malocclusion.

Treating skeletal class III malocclusions is one of the biggest challenges in Orthodontics. Given the complexity of these cases, orthognathic surgery is often the best treatment option. However, many patients refuse this treatment due to its risks, morbidity, and costs involved. Alternatively, dental compensation can be planned for some of these skeletal problems. This case report presents a dentoalveolar compensation in the orthodontic treatment of a 20-year-old female patient with class III malocclusion, concave profile, anterior crossbite, mandibular prognathism, maxillary retrusion, and a vertical deficiency in the posterior region. Treatment planning involved a multiloop edgewise archwire (MEAW) associated with intermaxillary elastics with counterclockwise rotation of the occlusal plane in the posterior region of the maxilla aiming at obtaining an increased posterior vertical dimension. After 24 months of treatment, the severe anterior crossbite was corrected, and the skeletal class III relationship was camouflaged. At the end of the orthodontic treatment, it was possible to observe an improved facial profile, a nice smile, and a functional occlusion. The results remained stable at a three-year follow-up. The MEAW, associated with the use of elastics, seems to be an effective treatment option for class III camouflage with reduced posterior vertical dimension with no need for additional anchoring devices but requiring adequate bending of wires and patient compliance.

Complex clinical case with Class III and open bite: stability after seven years.

A healthy 15-year-old boy with anterior open bite, edge-to-edge transverse discrepancy, and Class III skeletal relationship sought a nonsurgical orthodontic treatment. The patient was treated with premolars extraction, a Hyrax expander and intrusion mechanics with vertical elastics. This mechanics allowed for excellent facial and occlusal results. The final occlusion presented Class I molar and canine relationships, ideal overjet and overbite, and straight facial profile. Analysis of the posttreatment and follow-up radiographs showed that the treatment outcomes remained stable seven years after active orthodontic treatment. Thus, although combined orthodontic and surgical treatment should be considered for patients with this skeletal malocclusion, this case report proves that well controlled orthodontic movement with the patient's cooperation can be a valid alternative treatment, with good and stable outcomes for patients who refuse surgery.

Narrativas sobre as práticas de maternagem na prisão: a encruzilhada da ordem discursiva prisional e da ordem discursiva do cuidado / Narratives on mothering practices in prison: the crossroads between the prison system's discursive order and the discursive order of care / Relatos sobre prácticas de maternidad en prisión: la encrucijada entre el orden discursivo de la prisión y el del cuidado

Resumo: Quando dão à luz durante o período de aprisionamento, as mulheres presas têm o direito de conviver com seus filhos em unidades específicas para mães e bebês, pelo período mínimo de seis meses. Essa convivência tem como foco o cuidado e a proteção da criança, mas ocorre em um ambiente ordenado pela ordem prisional. Este estudo tem como objetivo analisar o exercício das práticas de cuidado materno na prisão. Foram realizadas seis entrevistas narrativas no Rio de Janeiro, Brasil: duas com mulheres que vivenciaram a experiência de maternagem no período de aprisionamento na Unidade Materno Infantil do Complexo Penitenciário de Gericinó e quatro com profissionais de organizações não governamentais que trabalharam com mulheres que tiveram seus bebês no período de encarceramento. A análise das narrativas foi feita a partir da interpretação dos papéis e das relações entre as personagens narradas e a forma como suas interações modelam as histórias contadas. Por fim, realizou-se a articulação interpretativa entre as narrativas e o referencial teórico sobre gênero e prisões. Concluiu-se que as normas prisionais e as normas de cuidado se tensionam e convergem em uma dinâmica que busca beneficiar o bebê, sem deixar de punir a mulher. Dessa maneira, a experiência de maternagem na prisão atua como forma de reafirmar uma moralidade de gênero, definida no papel de boa mãe.

Abstract: When women inmates in Brazil give birth during their incarceration, they have the right to stay with their children in specific units for mothers and infants for at least six months. The focus of this living experience is care and protection of the child, but it takes places in a setting determined by the prison order. This study aims to analyze the exercise of motherhood in prison. Six narrative interviews were performed in Rio de Janeiro: two with women who experienced motherhood while in prison in the Maternal and Child Unit at the Gericinó Prison Complex, and four with staff members of nongovernmental organizations working with women who had given birth during incarceration. The narratives were analyzed via interpretation of the roles and relations between the narrated characters and the way their interactions shape the stories. Finally, an interpretative linkage was established between the narratives and the theoretical frame of reference on gender and prisons. The study concludes that the prison rules and standards of care produce tensions and convergences in a dynamic that seeks to benefit the infant without failing to punish the woman. Motherhood in prison thus acts as a way of reaffirming a gender morality, defined as the role of good mother.

Resumen: Cuando dan a luz durante el período de encarcelamiento, las mujeres presas tienen el derecho de convivir con sus hijos en módulos específicos para madres y bebés, durante un período mínimo de seis meses. Esta convivencia tiene como objetivo el cuidado y la protección del niño, pero se produce en un ambiente establecido por el reglamento carcelario. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar el ejercicio de las prácticas de cuidado materno en prisión. Se realizaron seis entrevistas narrativas en Río de Janeiro, Brasil: dos con mujeres que vivieron su maternidad durante su período de encarcelamiento en la Unidad Materno Infantil, en el Complejo Penitenciario de Gericinó, y cuatro con profesionales de organizaciones no gubernamentales, que trabajaron con mujeres que dieron a luz a sus bebés durante el período de encarcelamiento. El análisis de los relatos se realizó a partir de la interpretación de los papeles y de las relaciones entre los personajes narrados y la forma en la que sus interacciones modelan las historias contadas. Finalmente, se realizó la articulación entre los relatos y el marco de referencia teórico sobre género y prisiones. Se concluyó que las normas carcelarias y las normas de cuidado entran en tensión y convergen en una dinámica que busca beneficiar al bebé, sin dejar de castigar a la mujer. De este modo, la experiencia de la maternidad en prisión actúa como una forma de reafirmación de una moralidad de género, definida dentro del papel de lo que se considera una buena madre.

Expression of cytokines in gingival crevicular fluid associated with tooth movement induced by aligners: a pilot study.

INTRODUCTION: The search for more aesthetic and comfortable orthodontic devices has led to an increase in the use of clear aligners. OBJECTIVE: To increase knowledge on biological mechanisms of orthodontic tooth movement using Invisalign aligners. METHODS: This study included 11 patients with a mean age of 23.6 ± 4.8 years. Cases planning included alignment and leveling of lower incisors using Invisalign aligners. Gingival crevicular fluid samples were collected from the lower incisors on the day of delivery of aligner number 1 (T0) and after 1 (T24h), 7 (T7d), and 21 (T21d) days. During the observation period of the study, the patients used only the aligner number 1. Levels of nine cytokines were quantified using Luminex's multi-analysis technology. Non-parametric tests were used for comparisons between cytokine expression levels over time. RESULTS: Cytokine expression levels remained constant after 21 days of orthodontic activation, except those of MIP-1ß, which presented a statistical difference between T24h and T21d with a decrease in the concentration levels. IL-8, GM-CSF, IL-1ß, MIP-1ß, and TNF-α showed the highest concentrations over time. CONCLUSIONS: The different behavior in the levels of the investigated cytokines indicates a role of these biomarkers in the tissue remodeling induced by Invisalign.

Expression of cytokines in gingival crevicular fluid associated with tooth movement induced by aligners: a pilot study

ABSTRACT Introduction: The search for more aesthetic and comfortable orthodontic devices has led to an increase in the use of clear aligners. Objective: To increase knowledge on biological mechanisms of orthodontic tooth movement using Invisalign aligners. Methods: This study included 11 patients with a mean age of 23.6 ± 4.8 years. Cases planning included alignment and leveling of lower incisors using Invisalign aligners. Gingival crevicular fluid samples were collected from the lower incisors on the day of delivery of aligner number 1 (T0) and after 1 (T24h), 7 (T7d), and 21 (T21d) days. During the observation period of the study, the patients used only the aligner number 1. Levels of nine cytokines were quantified using Luminex's multi-analysis technology. Non-parametric tests were used for comparisons between cytokine expression levels over time. Results: Cytokine expression levels remained constant after 21 days of orthodontic activation, except those of MIP-1β, which presented a statistical difference between T24h and T21d with a decrease in the concentration levels. IL-8, GM-CSF, IL-1β, MIP-1β, and TNF-α showed the highest concentrations over time. Conclusions: The different behavior in the levels of the investigated cytokines indicates a role of these biomarkers in the tissue remodeling induced by Invisalign.

RESUMO Introdução: a busca por dispositivos ortodônticos mais estéticos e confortáveis gerou um aumento no uso de alinhadores transparentes. Objetivo: ampliar o conhecimento sobre os mecanismos biológicos associados ao movimento dentário ortodôntico promovido por alinhadores Invisalign®. Métodos: a amostra foi constituída por 11 pacientes, com idade média de 23,6 ± 4,8 anos. O planejamento dos casos incluiu alinhamento e nivelamento de incisivos inferiores usando os alinhadores. O fluido gengival crevicular foi coletado na superfície vestibular de incisivos inferiores no dia da entrega do alinhador número 1 (T0) e após 1 (T24h), 7 (T7d) e 21 (T21d) dias. Durante o período de observação do estudo, os pacientes utilizaram apenas o alinhador número 1. Os níveis de nove citocinas foram quantificados por meio do sistema Luminex de multianálise. Testes não paramétricos foram realizados para comparações entre os níveis de expressão de citocinas ao longo do tempo. Resultados: a concentração das citocinas manteve-se constante após 21 dias de ativação ortodôntica, exceto a MIP-1β, que apresentou uma redução estatisticamente significativa entre os tempos T24h e T21d. As IL-8, GM-CSF, IL-1β, MIP-1β e TNF-α apresentaram as maiores concentrações ao longo do tempo. Conclusão: a constância na expressão dos níveis das citocinas parece estar compatível com o estímulo mecânico induzido por alinhadores.

Nonsurgical treatment for a severe anterior and lateral open bite and multiple congenitally missing teeth: a case report with 4-year follow-up

ABSTRACT This case report describes the treatment of a severe anterior and lateral open bite combined with multiple congenitally missing teeth. A 10-year-old girl presented with an open gonial angle, absence of lip sealing, and soft tissue pogonion retrusion. She had an open bite of 8.5 mm, agenesis of the upper right and left lateral incisors and the upper left first premolar, and transverse maxillary deficiency. Nonsurgical treatment was planned aiming at controlling the vertical pattern, establishing the correct overbite, and closing the spaces on the upper arch, to provide satisfactory occlusion and facial and dental esthetics.

RESUMO O presente caso clínico descreve o tratamento de uma mordida aberta anterior e lateral associada à ausência congênita de dentes permanentes. Paciente com 10 anos de idade, apresentava ângulo goníaco aberto, ausência de selamento labial passivo e retrusão do pogônio mole. Além disso, foi diagnosticada uma mordida aberta de 8,5 mm, agenesia de incisivos laterais superiores direito e esquerdo e de primeiro pré-molar superior esquerdo, além de deficiência transversa da maxila. O planejamento do caso envolveu um tratamento não cirúrgico, com controle vertical do crescimento, obtenção de correta sobremordida e fechamento dos espaços superiores. O caso foi finalizado com uma boa intercuspidação, contemplando a estética facial e dentária.

Fatores de risco associados ao desenvolvimento de bulimia e anorexia nervosa em estudantes universitários: uma revisão integrativa / Risk factors associated with the development of bulimia and anorexia nervosa in college students: an integrative review

[{"text": "Os transtornos de comportamento alimentar são denominados distúrbios psiquiátricos de etiologia multifatorial, caracterizados por consumo, padrões e atitudes alimentares extremamente distorcidas e preocupação exagerada com o peso e forma corporal, sendo os mais conhecidos a Bulimia e Anorexia Nervosa. O objetivo do estudo foi realizar uma revisão integrativa sobre os fatores de risco associados ao desenvolvimento destes transtornos em estudantes universitários. As bases de dados utilizadas para pesquisa foram Latin American and Caribbean Health Science Literature Database e Scientific Eletronic Library Online. Os critérios de inclusão para a escolha dos artigos foram população de jovens universitários; estudos experimentais ou não; estudos em português, inglês e espanhol, publicados no período de 2005 a 2015. Foram selecionados 41 artigos que estavam relacionados ao tema e utilizados 11 que estavam de acordo com os critérios de inclusão. Os resultados da revisão revelaram como fatores de risco para desenvolvimento dos transtornos a insatisfação e distorção da imagem corporal, sexo feminino, estudante do curso de nutrição e educação física, ambiente universitário estressante, sobrepeso e obesidade, idade, cultura familiar, contato com experiências alimentares inadequadas, supervalorização do peso e práticas incorretas de controle do peso. Conclui-se que esses fatores de risco refletem diretamente no aparecimento dos sintomas da doença e dessa forma, torna-se indispensável realização de estratégias a fim de identificar precocemente os sinais e sintomas das doenças evitando o desenvolvimento da bulimia e anorexia nervosa nesses estudantes, assim como medidas educativas junto a toda população.", "_i": "pt"}]

Three-dimensional evaluation of mandibular anterior dental crowding in digital dental casts.

INTRODUCTION:: Digital dental models provide a more accurate and comprehensive assessment of orthodontic cases. Although this technique is quite promising, there are few three-dimensional measurements methods described in the literature. OBJECTIVE:: The aim of this study was to propose a method for assessing the degree of mandibular anterior dental crowding in the three planes of space, using digital dental models. METHODS:: Thirty dental casts were selected and scanned by Maestro 3D Dental Scanner and imported by Geomagic Qualify 2013 software. The degree of crowding was calculated by two examiners, based on the Little's Irregularity Index, by means of the definition of axial, coronal and sagittal planes for each model. Intraexaminer analysis was performed with Dahlberg's Formula (DF) and Intraclass Correlation Coefficients (ICC), and interexaminer analysis was performed with ICC and paired t-test. RESULTS:: The ICC showed an excellent agreement (p < 0.05) for all measurements, except for the intraexaminer and interexaminer in the Z-axis, in which it was found a moderate agreement. The DF showed a satisfactory accuracy with all measurements showing less than 1 mm difference. The paired t-test showed statistical difference between the examiners in two measurements, although it was clinical irrelevant. CONCLUSION:: When comparing the three planes of space, the Z-axis showed the greatest variation in landmarks placement; however, overall, the present method seems precise and reproducible.

Three-dimensional evaluation of mandibular anterior dental crowding in digital dental casts

ABSTRACT Introduction: Digital dental models provide a more accurate and comprehensive assessment of orthodontic cases. Although this technique is quite promising, there are few three-dimensional measurements methods described in the literature. Objective: The aim of this study was to propose a method for assessing the degree of mandibular anterior dental crowding in the three planes of space, using digital dental models. Methods: Thirty dental casts were selected and scanned by Maestro 3D Dental Scanner and imported by Geomagic Qualify 2013 software. The degree of crowding was calculated by two examiners, based on the Little's Irregularity Index, by means of the definition of axial, coronal and sagittal planes for each model. Intraexaminer analysis was performed with Dahlberg's Formula (DF) and Intraclass Correlation Coefficients (ICC), and interexaminer analysis was performed with ICC and paired t-test. Results: The ICC showed an excellent agreement (p < 0.05) for all measurements, except for the intraexaminer and interexaminer in the Z-axis, in which it was found a moderate agreement. The DF showed a satisfactory accuracy with all measurements showing less than 1 mm difference. The paired t-test showed statistical difference between the examiners in two measurements, although it was clinical irrelevant. Conclusion: When comparing the three planes of space, the Z-axis showed the greatest variation in landmarks placement; however, overall, the present method seems precise and reproducible.

RESUMO Introdução: os modelos digitais fornecem uma avaliação mais precisa e abrangente dos casos ortodônticos. Embora essa técnica seja bastante promissora, existem poucos métodos de medição tridimensional descritos na literatura. Objetivo: o objetivo do presente estudo foi propor um método para avaliar o grau de apinhamento dentário anteroinferior, nos três planos do espaço, usando modelos digitais. Métodos: trinta modelos de gesso foram selecionados, escaneados pelo scanner Maestro Dental 3D e importados para o software Geomagic Qualify 2013. Dois examinadores calcularam o grau de apinhamento, com base no Índice de Irregularidade de Little, mediante a definição dos planos axial, coronal e sagital para cada modelo. A análise intraexaminador foi realizada por meio da fórmula de Dahlberg (FD) e do Coeficiente de Correlação Intraclasse (ICC), enquanto a análise interexaminadores foi realizada com o ICC e o teste t pareado. Resultados: o ICC mostrou um excelente grau de concordância (p< 0,05) para todas as medições, exceto para as avaliações intraexaminador e interexaminadores no eixo Z, onde foi encontrado um grau moderado. A FD mostrou uma precisão satisfatória, com todas as medidas apresentando diferença menor que 1 mm. O teste t pareado mostrou diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os examinadores em duas medidas, apesar de terem sido clinicamente irrelevantes. Conclusão: ao se comparar os três planos do espaço, o eixo Z mostrou maior variação na marcação de pontos; no entanto, em geral, o presente método parece ser preciso e reprodutível.

Effect of orthodontic force on expression levels of ten cytokines in gingival crevicular fluid.

Various types of inflammatory mediators are involved in the cascade of biological events behind tissue remodeling allowing orthodontic tooth movement. This split-mouth longitudinal study aimed to evaluate the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) levels of ten cytokines, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-13, IL-17, IFN-γ, GM-CSF, MCP-1, MIP-1ß and TNF-α, during initial orthodontic treatment. The sample comprised 15 healthy patients (9 males and 6 females, 13.9±2.5 years). The lower (test) incisors were moved using fixed appliance carrying a 0.014-inch nickel titanium wire, whereas the upper (control) incisors were bonded without any force. The GCF was collected from the test and control teeth before fixed appliance mounting (baseline) and after 1, 7 and 21days. In 6 sites per tooth, from canine to canine, periodontal conditions were defined as the percentage of sites with visible plaque and bleeding on probing. The total GCF cytokines levels were quantified using multianalysis Luminex technology. Throughout the experimental term, and for both test and control teeth, the mean percentage of sites with visible plaque and bleeding on probing were generally below 25% and 15%, respectively, although variability was also seen. In the test teeth, the GCF levels of all the cytokines remained constant throughout the experimental term. On the contrary, significant reductions were seen in the control teeth for each cytokine. Moreover, significantly greater levels of IL-6, GM-CSF, MCP-1 and TNFα were seen in the test teeth as compared to the control teeth at 7days. The reasons for the differential behavior in the levels of all the investigated cytokines between the test and control teeth may be related to the presence of orthodontic forces and/or subclinical tissue inflammation. Further investigation is needed to elucidate potential roles for these biomarkers in the tissue remodeling incident to orthodontic tooth movement.

Nonsurgical treatment for a severe anterior and lateral open bite and multiple congenitally missing teeth: a case report with 4-year follow-up.

This case report describes the treatment of a severe anterior and lateral open bite combined with multiple congenitally missing teeth. A 10-year-old girl presented with an open gonial angle, absence of lip sealing, and soft tissue pogonion retrusion. She had an open bite of 8.5 mm, agenesis of the upper right and left lateral incisors and the upper left first premolar, and transverse maxillary deficiency. Nonsurgical treatment was planned aiming at controlling the vertical pattern, establishing the correct overbite, and closing the spaces on the upper arch, to provide satisfactory occlusion and facial and dental esthetics.

Efeito do movimento dentário ortodôntico nos níveis de expressão de mediadores inflamatórios no fluido gengival crevicular / Effect of orthodontic tooth movement on expression of cytokines in gingival crevicular fluid

Diversos tipos de mediadores inflamatórios estão envolvidos na cascata de eventos biológicos que propicia a remodelação tecidual, viabilizando a movimentação dentária ortodôntica. O objetivo deste trabalho foi detectar e quantificar, em diferentes intervalos de tempo,os níveis de expressão de citocinas pró-inflamatórias e anti-inflamatórias presentes no fluido gengival crevicular de pacientes submetidos a tratamento ortodôntico. A amostra foi constituída de 15 pacientes com média de idade de 13.9 ±2.5 anos. Os dentes do arco inferior foram movimentados empregando-se aparelhagem fixa e fios de níquel titânio 0.014" (grupo experimental), enquanto que os dentes da arcada superior não receberam nenhum tipo de força ortodôntica (grupo controle). Amostras de fluido gengival crevicular foram coletadas nos incisivos superiores e inferiores no dia da instalação do aparelho e aplicação da força (T0), e após 24 horas (T1), 7 dias (T2) e 21 dias (T3). Os níveis de onze citocinas foram quantificados utilizando a tecnologia multianálise do Luminex. Foram utilizados testes não-paramétricos para as comparações entre os grupos e ao longo do tempo. No grupo experimental, os níveis de expressão das citocinas pró e anti-inflamatórias mantiveram-se constantes após os 21 dias de ativação ortodôntica. No grupo controle, houve uma redução estatisticamente significativa no tempo T2 das citocinas pró-inflamatórias. A constância na expressão dos níveis de todas as citocinas, nos dentes sob movimentação, parece estar compatível com o estímulo mecânico induzido de forma suave e contínua.

Various types of inflammatory mediators are involved in the cascade of biological events that promote tissue remodeling and facilitate orthodontic tooth movement. Thus, a better understanding of the biological mechanisms that facilitate tooth movement and orthodontic treatment is needed. This study aimed to evaluate, at different time intervals, the expression levels of ten cytokines present in the gingival crevicular fluid of patients undergoing orthodontic treatment. The sample comprised 15 patients with a mean age of 13.9 ± 2.5 years. The lower teeth were moved using fixed appliances and 0.014" nickel titanium wires (experimental group), whereas the upper teeth did not receive any orthodontic forces (control group). Samples of gingival crevicular fluid were collected from the incisors at the time of appliance installation and application of force (T0) and after 24 h (T1), 7 days (T2), and 21 days (T3). The levels of ten cytokines, namely, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-13, IL-17, IFN-γ, GM-CSF, MCP-1, MIP-1ß, and TNF-α were quantified using multianalysis Luminex technology. In the experimental group, the expression levels of cytokines remained constant after 21 days of orthodontic activation, whereas in the control group, a statistically significant reduction in cytokine levels was observed 7 days after activation. The greater levels in the expression levels of IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-13, IL-17, IFN-γ, GM-CSF, MCP-1, MIP-1ß, and TNF-α in the moved teeth, as compared to the control teeth, pose for a role of these mediators in underling mechanism of the orthodontic tooth movement.

Effectiveness of Oral Antiseptics on Tooth Biofilm: A Study in vivo.

AIM: To evaluate the effectiveness of five different mouthwashes through measurement of the plaque index. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty subjects took part in this blind study, randomized into blocks of five groups according to the active ingredient of the mouthwash: CHX group (0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate), essential oils (EO) group, cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) group, Tri group (triclosan) and Hamamelis virginiana (HV) group. All subjects were evaluated for a reduction in the bacterial plaque index at 7, 14 and 21 days. RESULTS: There was a significant reduction in the mean plaque index during the period of evaluation (p < 0.01), and the reduction during the period of evaluation was different between mouthwashes (p < 0.01). The reduction in the plaque index at the end of 21 days was, in decreasing order, CHX > EO > CPC > Tri > HV. CONCLUSION: The reduction in the plaque index during the period of evaluation was different between the types of mouth-wash. The mouthwash containing the active ingredient chlorhexidine was the most effective, followed by the essential oil, cetylpyridinium chloride, triclosan and H. virginiana.

Utilização de toxina botulínica do tipo A para minimizar o sorriso gengival: relato de três casos clínicos / Use of type A botulinum toxin to minimize gingival smile line: three clinical case reports

O sorriso gengival geralmente é considerado esteticamente desagradável e possui alternativas de tratamento de diferentes complexidades. O objetivo desse trabalho é relatar o resultado do tratamento de três pacientes portadores de sorriso gengival utilizando a aplicação da toxina botulínica do tipo A (BTX-A). A documentação e análise das imagens foi realizada por meio de métodos desenvolvidos a partir de videografia digital específica, sendo esse procedimento repetido 1, 2, 12 e 24 semanas após uma redução na exposição gengival e que após 24 semanas, não retornaram aos níveis iniciais. Dessa forma, pode-se observar que a BTX-A é considerada minimamente invasiva, eficaz e que representa uma forma de tratamento temporário para minimizar o sorriso gengival.